Osha And Its Involvement Of The Meatpacking Industry

In contradiction to the downgrading tone presented in the previous discussion towards OSHA and its involvement in the meatpacking industry, the implementation of OSHA had some uplifting attributes even though it had minute significance to the cause as presented by the scholarly individual, Dr. Sears, and the two notable muckraker, Eric Schlosser and Upton Sinclair. In cohesion to the upbringing of change due to OSHA, Claire Epstein’s article, â€Å"Keeping OSHA Records† enhances the awareness of the regulatory incorporation’s care for the workers safety and documentation by stating â€Å"Employers with more than 11 employees who are not in partially exempt industries are required to keep OSHA recordkeeping logs to track information on OSHA recordable injuries and illnesses† (Epstein). But not only did OSHA begin collecting records of the employees, but in â€Å"OSHA Updates Guide on Training Requirements† by Professional Safety, OSHA supplies worker s with news occurring to fellow members of the country-wide workforce, and in this case is an injury pertaining to â€Å"Harco† and his personal negligence and misunderstanding of faulty hardware in order to prevent similar injuries and to analyze the faults and fabricate new directions to have a safer time when in the workplace (Professional Safety). In addition to the article, Professional Safety provides a handbook for workers that may/may not suppress the confusion, but is a sole act of generosity. In comparison, The United States Department ofShow MoreRelatedSafety Standards in the Meat Packing Industry Essay2321 Words   |  10 PagesDue to health reasons, the meat packing industry has aroused the attention of many. This has been caused by the safety standards in the meat packing industry. The attention has also been caused by the use of machines in the packing process. The industry uses fast running machines hence the employees are exposed to more injury risk. The in dustry is majorly comprised of immigrants and undocumented employees. This has greatly attracted attention due to the care for the employees who are mainly non-citizensRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSelection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking ConceptsRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesrestructuring Economic and Technological Change Several economic changes have occurred that have altered employment and occupational patterns in the United States. A major change is the shift of jobs from manufacturing and agriculture to service industries and telecommunications. This shift has meant that some organizations have had to reduce the number of employees, while others have had to attract and retain employees with different capabilities than previously were needed. Additionally, pressuresRead MoreOperational Management36687 Words   |  147 PagesProviding proper work methods and tools. Establishing legitimate incentives for work to be accomplished. By 1913, Henry Ford and Charles Sorensen combined what they knew about standardized parts with the quasi-assembly lines of the meatpacking and mail-order industries and added the revolutionary concept of the assembly line where men stood still and material moved. Quality control is another historically significant contribution to the field of OM. Walter Shewhart (1924) combined his knowledge

Internet as a Threat to Old Media Free Essays

string(108) " history of newspapers is an often-dramatic chapter of the human experience going back some five centuries\." Broadcasting internet as a threat to old media Introduction Just a few clicks on the mouse and a whole world of information are available for free. The internet, whilst largely contributing to declining newspaper, magazines and books sales, decreasing the percentage of advertising on TV and radio, increasing of internet piracy and illegal downloading of films and music. Internet can at least provide a huge resource for journalist, authors, musicians, photographers, producers, editors, directors and all information workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet as a Threat to Old Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, audiences and users of media mainly still believe on old media as they gain their information and follow latest news (which affect public opinion) from old media because they trust it and rely on its credibility when they compare it with internet . they thought that internet is the world of rumors. http://technorati. com/technology/it/article/do-you-see-the-internet-as/#ixzz16VrHKY7B Background Books writing with words was invented by the Sumerians (southern Iraq) about five thousand years ago (c. 3100 BC). As far as we know it derived from symbols used for the keeping of accounts around four hundred years earlier. At first, writing was restricted to inscriptions, e. g. on stone, seals, brooches, and containers. The Sumerians then developed baked clay tablets, which can be regarded as the first books. These were soon followed by the papyrus rolls of the Egyptians, made from a plant native only to the Nile Valley. The traditional modern form of the book is called the codex. Meanwhile paper was invented in China as early as 105 AD, and was at first prepared from bark and hemp. This paper developed to a high standard, and paper-making later spread to Japan (c. 10 AD), and then to the Arab world along the Silk Road, via Samarkand in Central Asia. The Arabs introduced paper into Europe via Spain. Printing Printing was another Chinese invention. However such cast type did appear in Korea before developing quite independently in Europe. A major advance in the West was Johannes Gutenberg’s printing from cast metal type (c. 1450 AD). However this was still hand composed on a mostly wooden press. This still relied on human power to operate. A steam-powered press invented by the German Friedrich Koenig followed in 1810. An American, Richard Hoe, invented the faster rotary press in 1846. Printing raced further ahead when the mechanical composition of type was perfected in 1886 with the Linotype compositor. Lithography was long used to print pictures for books. From this method came the idea for offset printing – in 1904 the first offset press appeared. In offset printing the method of â€Å"relief† printing from cast metal type, traditional since Gutenberg, is replaced by a smooth photographic plate. By 1980 offset printing was taking over from the older method in many countries. That was only the beginning of the modern printing revolution. From 1968 computers became involved in printing (the Linotron). In 1983 the offset plate progressed to a format involving the laser-beam transference of stored digital information. Gradually printing worldwide became a digital and computerized process, and mechanical printing began to disappear. The Digital Revolution This change led to the irony that a series of advanced digital electronic processes now produced the traditional analogue material book. It was only a matter of time before the logical conclusion would be drawn – that books could exist in a purely electronic form. Moreover such books could incorporate new possibilities undreamed of in the printed codex book. For example, they could be instantly updated, be searchable electronically, include sounds ; video and even a dictionary, and interact directly with the new Internet, and therefore contain instant links to further information. The advent of digital book files also meant that traditional physical books could now be printed individually as required from a stored computer file (Print on Demand, or POD), rather than in the traditional large print runs. This meant both that books could be cheaper in general, and that it was financially practicable to print them in limited numbers for a more restricted readership than before. So rather than immediately displacing the printed codex, the advent of the digital book meant that the physical book could now flourish as never before. At the same time this change prepared the ground for a decisive future shift towards electronic reading. Dawn of the e-Book The electronic book (e-book), existing as a virtual entity stored in a digital file, began to emerge in its own right in the last years of the twentieth century. Like many new technologies it suffered from technical teething troubles, ineffective or inappropriate marketing, commercial rivalries that slowed its progress, and initial public scepticism or indifference. Gradually however the electronic book became capable of being read from an increasing variety of devices, and its vast potential began to be more widely understood. It became clear that the e-book would represent the next leap forward in the onward march of the book. While it can simply represent traditional texts it can also become a layered and interactive multimedia experience. Indeed the book of the future could even be spontaneously assembled from multiple sources for specific educational or entertainment purposes, by a single reader or group. The e-book therefore holds the promise of adding an unprecedented degree of flexibility to the concept of the book. The book is one of humanity’s most enduring cultural artifacts and treasures. As it evolves, the greatest threat to its future is therefore not from technical advances but from the danger of new generations losing the inclination to read. The ability to read and write is our greatest tool in education, and, apart from the family, the single most important medium existing for the transmission of ideas and the continuance of an evolving human culture. http://www. e-book. com. au/bookhistory. htm Newspapers â€Å"Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. † -Thomas Jefferson, 1787. The history of newspapers is an often-dramatic chapter of the human experience going back some five centuries. You read "Internet as a Threat to Old Media" in category "Papers" In Renaissance Europe handwritten newsletters circulated privately among merchants, passing along information about everything from wars and economic conditions to social customs and â€Å"human interest† features. The first printed forerunners of the newspaper appeared in Germany in the late 1400’s in the form of news pamphlets or broadsides, often highly sensationalized in content. In the English-speaking world, the earliest predecessors of the newspaper were corantos, small news pamphlets produced only when some event worthy of notice occurred. The first successively published title was The Weekly Newes of 1622. The first true newspaper in English was the London Gazette of 1666. Fo In America the first newspaper appeared in Boston in 1690, entitled Publick Occurrences. Published without authority, it was immediately suppressed, its publisher arrested, and all copies were destroyed. The first successful newspaper was the Boston News-Letter, begun by postmaster John Campbell in 1704. Although it was heavily subsidized by the colonial government the experiment was a near-failure, with very limited circulation. Two more papers made their appearance in the 1720’s, in Philadelphia and New York, and the Fourth Estate slowly became established on the new continent. In 1783 there were forty-three newspapers in print. The press played a vital role in the affairs of the new nation, representing all shades of political opinion. The ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791 at last guaranteed of freedom of the press, and America’s newspapers began to take on a central role in national affairs. Growth continued in every state. In the Jacksonian populist 1830’s, advances in printing and papermaking technology led to an explosion of newspaper growth, the emergence of the â€Å"Penny Press†; it was now possible to produce a newspaper that could be sold for just a cent a copy. Previously, newspapers were the province of the wealthy, literate minority. This sudden availability of cheap, interesting reading material was a significant stimulus to the achievement of the nearly universal literacy now taken for granted in America. In the 1850’s powerful, giant presses appeared, able to print ten thousand complete papers per hour. At this time the first â€Å"pictorial† weekly newspapers emerged; they featured for the first time extensive illustrations of events in the news, as woodcut engravings made from correspondents’ sketches or taken from that new invention, the photograph. Reporters, called â€Å"specials,† became the darlings of the public and the idols of youngsters everywhere. Many accounts of battles turned in by these intrepid adventurers stand today as the definitive histories of their subjects. Newspaper growth continued unabated in the postwar years. By the 1890’s the first circulation figures of a million copies per issue were recorded. At this period appeared the features of the modern newspaper, bold â€Å"banner† headlines, extensive use of illustrations, â€Å"funny pages,† plus expanded coverage of organized sporting events. The rise of â€Å"yellow journalism† also marks this era. This is also the age of media consolidation, as many independent newspapers were swallowed up into powerful â€Å"chains†; with regrettable consequences for a once fearless and incorruptible press, many were reduced to vehicles for the distribution of the particular views of their owners, and so remained, without competing papers to challenge their viewpoints. By the 1910’s, all the essential features of the recognizably modern newspaper had emerged. Radio and television have gradually supplanted newspapers as the nation’s primary information sources, so it may be difficult initially to appreciate the role newspapers. Not complete http://www. historicpages. com/nprhist. htm, Phil Barber, 03/08/2010 Magazines The term â€Å"magazine† is generally acknowledged to have come into usage with the publication in the 1730s of the Gentleman’s Magazine by Edward Cave. Its aim was to entertain with stories of crime and romance. It soon proved popular, not just for sale but for rental in public houses, coffee houses and barber shops. Magazines were more affordable than newspapers because printing technology allowed mass production. Taking their cue from America, British publishers produced all-fiction magazines such as Romantic Confessions and similar ‘penny dreadfuls’. General interest magazines such as Answers, Titbits (Tit Bits from all the Most Interesting Books, Periodicals and Contributors in the World), Home Chat, Comic Cuts and Pearson’s Weekly were also hugely popular. The early 20th century saw new styles of magazine such as Reader’s Digest hich included edited versions (digests) of articles and stories. International editions followed the same formula, later developing subscription as a means of ensuring a place in the competitive magazine market. â€Å"Life† magazine which traded on the quality of its pictures in a period when photography was accepted as an art f orm and photojournalism was regarded as a means of social commentary. â€Å"Life† used the slogan: ‘To see life, to see the world; to witness great events; to watch the faces of the poor and the gestures of the proud; to see strange things’. It had many imitators (or, perhaps more kindly, admirers) such as Picture Post and Illustrated in Britain and Paris Match and Stern in Europe. The end of the Second World War saw new titles emerged to satisfy the needs of increasingly affluent consumers who now had business and technical interests as well as expanding leisure pursuits. Interestingly, the emerging broadcast media – particularly television – were accommodated by the magazine industry that began to produce publications which included listings, reviews and background material. Later spin-offs would include comics based on television characters, and magazines dedicated to specific topics or programmes such as BBC Wildlife and Gardener’s World. A web search will reveal the extent to which the big companies have other interests, particularly media interests other than publishing magazines. The Guardian Media Guide contains details of the sites run by all the main players in the publishing business. Ezine is an electronic newsletter or magazine. Ezine could reside on a website, intranet system or be sent throughout any network, including the largest network; the Internet. The key to success for the big companies is the advertising revenue generated by magazines, and the ability of specific interest magazines to provide clearly-defined target audiences. Not that there is complete freedom to publish any material that will make money: there are laws and regulations that affect magazines just are there are for other media forms. 2000 The Media Guide edited by Steve Peak and Paul Fisher (Fourth Estate) 2001 The Media Guide edited by Steve Peak and Paul Fisher (Fourth Estate) EzineArticles. om Lance Winslow, Expert Author , 18 Jul 2006 A decade on the streets Simon Rogers and Xan Brooks, in Media Guardian September 10 2001 http://www. mediaed. org. uk/posted_documents/Magazines. html Radio Radio owes its development to two other inventions, the telegraph and the telephone, all three technologies are closely related. Radio technology began as â€Å"wireless telegraphy†. It started with the discovery of â€Å"radio waves† – electromagneti c waves that have the capacity to transmit music, speech, pictures and other data invisibly through the air. Many devices work by using electromagnetic waves including: radio, microwaves, cordless phones, remote controlled toys, television broadcasts, and more. Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, proved the feasibility of radio communication. Radio-telegraphy is the sending by radio waves the same dot-dash message (morse code) used in a telegraph. Transmitters at that time were called spark-gap machines. It was developed mainly for ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship communication. Lee Deforest invented space telegraphy, the triode amplifier and the Audion. In the early 1900s, the great requirement for further development of radio was an efficient and delicate detector of electromagnetic radiation. The result of Lee DeForest’s work was the invention of amplitude-modulated or AM radio that allowed for a multitude of radio stations. Online radio streaming was born in the 90s as a solution for the music industry to reinvent itself or as a solution for activists. WXYC is the first traditional radio station to announce broadcasting on the Internet. The term internet radio isn’t just about live streaming on the internet but can also be an archive site with audio files. Online radio can be a terrestrial radio station that broadcasts to a bigger market, or an independent internet-only operator that is just starting. Web radio stations are a good solution for new markets, delivering independent music that listeners can’t hear on regular radio. The advantage of internet radio services is that its services are usually accessible from anywhere in the world. Internet radio is distributed most often via streaming, in audio formats like mp3, Ogg Vorbis, Windows Media Audio, RealAudio and others. http://www. radiobunch. com/online-radio-history. html, http://inventors. bout. com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio_2. htm , Mary Bellis Television In the late 1800s, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a student in Germany, developed the first ever mechanical module of television. He succeeded in sending images through wires with the help of a rotating metal disk. This technology was called the ‘electric telescope’ that had 18 lines of resolution. In 1923, an Ame rican inventor called Charles Jenkins used the disk idea of Nipkow to invent the first ever practical mechanical television system. From 1926 till 1931, the mechanical television system saw many innovations. Although the discoveries of these men in the department of mechanical television were very innovative, by 1934, all television systems had converted into the electronic system, which is what is being used even today. In 1927, Philo Taylor Farnsworth was able to invent a working model of electronic television that was based on Swinton’s ideas. His experiments had started when he was just a little boy of 14 years. By the time he became 21, Philo had created the first electronic television system, which did away with the rotating disks and other mechanical aspects of mechanical television. Thus was born the television system which is the basis of all modern TVs. In 1948 there were early tests of cable television in the rural area of Lansford, PA. In 1956 the Ampex quadruplex videotape replaced the kinescope; making it possible for television programs to be produced anywhere, as well as greatly improving the visual quality on home sets. In 1957 the 1st practical remote control, invented by Robert Adler and called the â€Å"Space Commander,† was introduced by Zenith.. This â€Å"Golden Age† of television also saw the establishment of several significant technological standards. These included the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) standards for black and white (1941) and color television (1953). In 1952 the FCC made a key decision, via what is known as the Sixth Report and Order, to permit UHF broadcasting for the 1st time on 70 new channels (14 to 83). This was an essential decision because the Nation was already running out of channels on VHF (channels 2-13). That decision gave 95% of the U. S. television markets three VHF channels each, establishing a pattern that generally continues today. Thus the â€Å"Golden Age† was a period of intense growth and expansion, introducing many of the television accessories and methods of distribution that we take for granted today. 1962 brought the 1st transatlantic reception of a television signal via the TELSTAR satellite. High definition television (HDTV) was also introduced during this period. In 1981 NHK, the Japanese National Broadcasting company, demonstrated their 1,125 line HDTV system to the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers at their Winter conference in San Francisco. In 1994 HDTV standards were established and a plan for the transition from analog to digital transmission of television programming has been rolled out throughout the decade. Not complete http://www. thehistoryoftelevision. com/ , Geno Jezek, 2006 http://www. fcc. gov/omd/history/tv/1990-today. html internet The Internet has become such an integral part of our lives, with such powerful capabilities, that it is easy to forget that this technological marvel was created by the long, hard, dedicated efforts of human beings — folks who had a vision of what universal networking could become and worked to make it happen. The conceptual foundation for creation of the Internet was largely created by three individuals and a research conference, each of which changed the way we thought about technology by accurately predicting its future: †¢Vannevar Bush wrote the first visionary description of the potential uses for information technology with his description of the â€Å"memex† automated library system. †¢Norbert Wiener invented the field of Cybernetics, inspiring future researchers to focus on the use of technology to extend human capabilities. The 1956 Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence conference crystallized the concept that technology was improving at an exponential rate, and provided the first serious consideration of the consequences. †¢Marshall McLuhan made the idea of a global village interconnected by an electronic nervous system part of our popular culture. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik I, triggering US President Dwight Eisenhower to cre ate the ARPA agency to regain the technological lead in the arms race. ARPA appointed J. C. R. Licklider to head the new IPTO organization with a mandate to further the research of the SAGE program and help protect the US against a space-based nuclear attack. Licklider evangelized within the IPTO about the potential benefits of a country-wide communications network, influencing his successors to hire Lawrence Roberts to implement his vision. A special computer called an Interface Message Processor was developed to realize the design, and the ARPANET went live in early October, 1969. The first communications were between Leonard Kleinrock’s research center at the University of California at Los Angeles, and Douglas Engelbart’s center at the Stanford Research Institute. The first networking protocol used on the ARPANET was the Network Control Program. In 1983, it was replaced with the TCP/IP protocol invented Wby Robert Kahn, Vinton Cerf, and others, which quickly became the most widely used network protocol in the world. In 1990, the ARPANET was retired and transferred to the NSFNET. The NSFNET was soon connected to the CSNET, which linked Universities around North America, and then to the EUnet, which connected research facilities in Europe. Thanks in part to the NSF’s enlightened management, and fueled by the popularity of the web, the use of the Internet exploded after 1990, causing the US Government to transfer management to independent organizations starting in 1995. And here we are. http://www. livinginternet. com/i/ii. htm How to cite Internet as a Threat to Old Media, Papers

Systematic Goal Oriented Patient Care

Question: Discuss about the Systematic Goal Oriented Patient Care. Answer: The patient Zhi Mei Huang is a 65 year old female, who have undergone a skin burn 1 week ago and used a traditional Chinese healing bum to relief pain. Upon her assessment at hospital, the wound appears to be a 4 % total body surface area deep partial thickness burn to the right anterior leg. She has neglected the wound since 1 week. Mrs. Huang has recently lost her husband and has little assistance since then. She lives alone in an apartment on 3rd floor without life, which enhances fall risk at this age. In addition, it has also revealed that she underwent rapid weight loss and declined capacity of care. Pathophysiology Mrs. Huang has undergone deep partial thickness skin burn on her right anterior leg, which has been classified as second-degree burn. The burn has been extended into deep reticular dermis. The reticular region of dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, sweat glands, which are damaged due to burn. In these burn cases, skin becomes splotchy red or waxen and white (Krasner et al. 2012). It appears as yellow or white, less blanching may occur with blistering. Deep partial thickness burn may be painless, dependent on the level of nerve damage. The patient may feel pressure and discomfort. Mrs. Huang was experiencing significant pain and discomfort, which was evident through her difficulties to walk. Goal Assessing Mrs. Huang, it has been revealed that she has 4 % deep partial thickness burn on her right anterior leg and having difficulties to walk with significant pain. Based on her current condition the following goals will be made by adopting a person-centred approach: To undertake a proper wound management process, with relieving pain and discomfort To reduce the risk of infection To educate her about requirements of her well being To ensure adequate assistance for her elderly care and support Course of action Secondary- Secondary prevention plan include proper wound management and infection control. Mrs. Huang has already neglected the wound for 1 week, which has increased the chance of infection at wound site. Thus, the silver dressing can be undertaken for wound healing, as silver dressing has shown significant positive impact upon chronic wound healing in recent days (Aziz, ZAbu Chong, 2012). In addition, assessing and keeping the burnt area cool is crucial for healing preventing progression of severity. For preventing infection, non-stick bandage should be used for protecting the burnt area. Monitoring the burnt condition would be monitored regularly. To prevent shock, IV fluid therapy would be initiated. The pain severity would be accessed through pain scale and based on score, pain medication would be administered. Tertiary- Mrs. Huang lives alone at 3rd floor of her apartment. An educational session would be arranged for her, where she would be empathized for promoting her understanding related to the requirement of her well being. She would be made aware of the negative consequences of living alone (Rafla Tredget, 2011). She would be advised to change her accommodation and take assistance from her extended family, to reduce her loneliness. Clinical Skills Being a nurse, to deal with elderly like Mrs. Huang, good communication skills, problem solving skills, critical thinking skills are needed. In addition, to support the patient morally and ethically is crucial in person-centred care framework (Reuben Tinetti, 2012). Reference List Aziz, Z. S. F. A., Abu, S. F., Chong, N. J. (2012). A systematic review of silver-containing dressings and topical silver agents (used with dressings) for burn wounds. Burns, 38(3), 307-318. Krasner, D., Rodeheaver, G., Woo, K., Sibbald, G. (2012). Chronic Wound Care 5. BookBaby. Rafla, K., Tredget, E. E. (2011). Infection control in the burn unit. Burns, 37(1), 5-15. Reuben, D. B., Tinetti, M. E. (2012). Goal-oriented patient carean alternative health outcomes paradigm. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(9), 777-779.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essays (1299 words) - First Triumvirate

The Fall Of The Roman Empire For men who had easily endured hardship, danger and difficult uncertainty, leisure and riches, though in some ways desirable, proved burdensome and a source of grief. The causes for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic cannot be attributed to a single event, trend or individual, rather it was due to a combination of all three in varying degrees. The principal and fundamental cause was the breakdown of the political checks and balances, particularly the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This subversion occurred both accidentally and through the subversive behavior of individuals, unconsciously and consciously undermining the fabric of the republic in their quest for power and glory. One substantial outcome of this incapacitation was the emergence of violence as a political means. Once this had occurred the end of the old republic was heralded an autocratic dictatorship was born. The republic was born out of a collapsed monarchy and was specifically geared to prevent a centralization of power. The mechanisms to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a document that outlined the ladder of offices. It demanded, among other things, 10 years of military or legal service before any magistracy could be held, annual election and two years between consecutive offices. This system was designed to ensure that no individual could become too powerful by dividing jurisdiction between several groups and allowing for veto. The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius are often blamed for causing divisions and antagonizing the aristocracy and particularly the senate by introducing laws and legislation that, although promoting egalitarianism for the poor, were catalysts to later breaches of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws enacted without consulting the senate. This weakened the senate's power and started a trend of ignoring the senate that remained until the breakdown. These Graccian reforms included the implementation of a welfare system whereby Romans citizens would be given free corn and the Lex Agraria or land reforms that broke down the latafundia and increased the number of small-scale farms. The welfare corn system not only aroused violent anger from the nobility but also created an urban mob that relied on handouts and later participated in violence. Tiberius Gracchus ran for election to the tribunate for two years consecutively (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct contradiction to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they heard of Tiberius' plan, killed him. This action was significant, due to it being the first time that violence had been used for a political end, it was not to be the last. Marius and Sulla, great leaders of Rome from 119 to 78 BC, can be attributed part of the blame for the breakdown of the republic. Their constant quarreling led to factional fighting amongst the people and eventually to civil war. Marius came into power before Sulla and, like the Gracchi, showed a tendency towards disturbing the status quo and antagonized the nobility. Marius' reforms centered on military change, the most controversial of which was the extension of military service for the landless class. This seemingly insignificant reform had wide repercussions since it created semi-professional soldiers rather than a citizen militia. Since no pension scheme was organized, the soldiers were largely dependent on their commanders for payment and pensions of land. This dependence led to the soldiers being tied to their commanders, allowing for the later development of armies that were loyal to individuals rather than to the state. Marius' contempt for the Cursus Honorum is illustrated by his standing in the consular elections while not in Rome, a post that he gained and held for six years. This action was in dire ct contradiction to the rule of one-year consulships in the Cursus Honorum and allowed Marius to establish a power base that he used for his own political designs. Both Marius and Sulla used violence openly as a political means. The first such incident was during the tribunal election where Marius killed Nonnius, a political opponent to his friend Saturnius. This was not the only example of violence from Marius. When returned from exile, he killed everyone who had ever offended him and took their land for himself. Sulla was not much

The Truth About Swallowing Spiders in Our Sleep

The Truth About Swallowing Spiders in Our Sleep No matter what generation you grew up in, chances are you heard the rumor that we swallow a certain number of spiders each year as we sleep. However, the truth is that the chances of you swallowing a spider while sleeping are slim to none.   Research Findings Not a single study has been done to date to quantify the number of spiders people swallow while sleeping. Scientists do not give this topic a moments glance,  however, because it is nearly impossible. You can rest peacefully because the chances of swallowing a spider while you are asleep are almost none. The only reason they do not say the chances are zero is that nothing is impossible. In order for you to unknowingly swallow a spider in your sleep, a number of unlikely occurrences would all have to happen in sequence: First, you would have to be sleeping with your mouth wide open. If a spider crawled on your face and over your lips, you would likely feel it. So a spider would have to approach you by descending from the ceiling above you on a silk thread.Then, the spider would have to hit the target- your mouth- dead center to avoid tickling your lips. If it landed on your tongue, a highly-sensitive surface, you would feel it for sure.Next, the spider would have to land at the back of your throat without touching anything on the way in. Finally, at the very moment of landing on your throat, you would have to swallow. This series of coincidences is highly unlikely.   Spider Behavior Spiders are not going to voluntarily approach the mouth of a large predator. Spiders view humans as a danger to their well-being. Sleeping humans are most likely viewed as  terrifying. A slumbering person breathes, has a beating heart and perhaps snores- all of which create vibrations that warn spiders of an imminent threat.  We appear as big, warm-blooded, threatening creatures that might eat them on purpose. We Do Eat Spiders- Just Not in Our Sleep The rumor about swallowing spiders in your sleep may be debunked, but that does not mean that you do not eat spiders. Spider and insect parts make it into our food supply every day, and it is all FDA approved. For example, according to  the FDA, there is an average of 60 or more bug fragments per quarter pound of chocolate. Peanut butter has  30 or more insect fragments  per quarter pound. Everything you eat likely has critter parts in it, but this is normal. It is fairly impossible to avoid having these mini body parts in our food. As it turns out, bits of arthropods in your food will not kill you and can make you stronger- protein and nutrient levels in some insects and arachnids can match that of chicken and fish. Misleading Information on the Internet To test a theory that people were susceptible to accepting anything they read online as true, Lisa Holst, a columnist for PC Professional in the 1990s conducted an experiment. Holst authored a list of fabricated facts and statistics including the old folkloric rumor that the average person swallows eight spiders per year. As Holst hypothesized, the statement was readily accepted as fact and went viral.   Thanks to Holst, the younger generations now know the old fashioned rumor. It might have faded into the past if left in the past, but now, some still believe the rumor is true. Sources Spiders Swallowed Per Year, Snopes.com.Defect Levels Handbook. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2016).

Top Criteria for Choosing a Law School

Top Criteria for Choosing a Law School Choosing a law school is one of the most important decisions youll make in your life. First, you need to narrow down your list of potential schools; even applying to schools can get expensive with application fees up to $70 and $80. Don’t fall into the trap of thinking that Ivy League law schools are the only ones worth attending, though, as you can get a great legal education at many schools across the countryand you just may find that one of those is actually a better fit for you by considering: 10 Criteria for Choosing a Law School Admissions Criteria:Â  Your undergraduate GPA and LSAT scores are the most important factors in your application, so look for law schools that line up with your numbers. Dont limit yourself to just those schools, though, as other aspects of your application just may sway an admissions committee to take a chance on you. Divide your list into dream (a stretch that youd get in), core (line up with your credentials) and safety (very likely to get in) schools to give yourself choices. Financial Considerations:Â  Just because a school has a high price tag doesnt mean its the best for you and your interests. No matter where you go, law school is expensive. Some schools can be downright bargains, though, especially if you can get a scholarship or other financial aid that doesnt include loans like scholarships and grants. When looking at finances, dont forget that most schools have fees beyond standard tuition. Also, if your school is in a large city, remember the cost of living will likel y be higher than in a smaller location. Geographic Location:Â  You dont have to go to law school where youll want to take the bar exam and/or practice, but you do have to live in that location for at least three years. Do you want an urban atmosphere? Do you hate cold weather? Do you want to be near your family? Do you want to make connections in the community that you’ll be able to use in the future? Career Services:Â  Be sure to find out about job placement rate and the percentages of graduates who move on to careers in what you think might be your chosen field, whether it’s a small, medium or large firm, a judicial clerkship, or a position in public interest, academia or the business sector. Faculty:Â  What is the student to faculty ratio? What are the credentials of the faculty members? Is there a high turn-over rate? Do they publish many articles? Will you be learning from tenured faculty or from associate professors? Are professors accessible to their students and do they employ student research ass istants? Curriculum:Â  Along with first-year courses, look at what courses are offered for your second and third years and how often. If youre interested in pursuing a joint or dual degree, or in studying abroad, be sure to compare that information as well. You also may be interested in whether Moot Court, writing seminars or trial advocacy is required, and what student journals, such as Law Review, are published at each school. Clinics are another consideration. Now offered by many law schools, clinics can provide students real-world legal experience through hands-on work in a variety of disciplines, so you may want to investigate what opportunities are available. Bar Exam Passage Rate:Â  You definitely want the odds in your favor when taking the bar exam, so look for schools with high bar passage rates. You can also compare the schools bar passage with the overall passage rate for that state to see how your potential schools test-takers stack up against students from other schools taking the same exam. Class Size:Â  If you know you learn best in smaller settings, be sure to look for schools with lower enrollment numbers. If you like the challenge of swimming in a big pond, you should be looking for schools with higher enrollment numbers. Diversity of Student Body:Â  Included here is not only race and sex, but also age; if you are a student entering law school after many years away or returning as a part-time law student, you might want to pay attention to schools that have higher numbers of students who didnt come directly from undergrad. Many schools also list the most popular majors among students, as well as types of previous work expe rience. Campus Facilities:Â  What is the law school building like? Are there enough windows? Do you need them? What about computer access? What is the campus like? Do you feel comfortable there? Will you have access to university facilities such as the gym, pool and other recreational activities? Is there public or university transportation available?

Z-ch12 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Z-ch12 - Case Study Example The main advantage is that it encourages relationship building that greatly facilitates in overcoming workplace conflicts and work cohesively. The major disadvantage is that lot of time is wasted on non core activities that delays the project outcome. It also increases the overall cost of the project which may or may not generate ideas with great market potential. In Clay Street, the most relevant aspect is the need to develop mental models for assigned tasks through activities that highlight the importance of cohesive team processes for optimal productivity. The length of time in Clay Street becomes irrelevant to wider goals and objectives of the team which is to evolve highly creative solution to the given problems. The various activities and processes help to develop a consistent environment of integrated work which relies on creative inputs from team members coming from diverse background. Moreover, it also helps inculcate mutual respect and confidence on the cultural competencies of members that are judiciously exploited by facilitators and team leaders to enhance team processes and its outcome. The constant interaction and critical thinking over the pros and con of the problem and tentative solutions also promote lateral thinking. This is important because often new perspectives and solution evolve not as well defined processes but as i nstances of ‘eureka moments’ could emerge as breakthrough ideas with immense potential. Hence, time is not as important as the fact that team members constantly brainstorm the problems and look for out of the box solutions. The core idea of Clay Street is to give freedom to team members to evolve new ideas through various processes and states that is evaluated from diverse perspectives. Moreover, they are encumbered with the failure because they are motivated to look at failures as first step to success. This is hugely critical issue that promotes creativity and equips team

Forensic 3D Laser Scanning of Footwear Impression Evidence Thesis Proposal

Forensic 3D Laser Scanning of Footwear Impression Evidence - Thesis Proposal Example However, getting a 3D physical cast of an impression on a crime scene can in the process destroy the evidence. The use of 3D imaging device is proving to be beneficial to crime scene investigators (CSI) as an additional toolkit since it can obtain details of such impression. Footwear impression recovery in crime scene is considered to have a critical role in the investigations to narrow down the number of suspects or refute or corroborate information (Gamage et al., 2013). Three dimension foot ware impressions casting is seen to be a long standing standard where, it results to the generation of three dimensional footprints. This is progressively being replaced by a three dimensional scanning that is a less invasive method. In the study proposed, an alternative method that entails a 3D laser scanning of footwear impression evidence with the use of a FARO "Freestyle" 3D Scanner will be present, and it will be based on the multi-view stereo where, an accurate three dimensional model can be generated. The results on the reconstructed three dimensional models will be evaluated and then compared with other results obtained by three dimensional scanning. Also, the drawbacks and the advantages of this method will be explored over other methods that exist. Freestyle hand held scanner was recently released by FARO, and this is considered as a step up in structured light technology because it includes two cameras infrared in nature which are used in creating a stereo pair of images Three dimensional foot ware impression casting is progressively being replaced by a three dimensional scanning that is less invasive method. In the study to be undertaken, an alternative method that entails a 3D laser scanning of footwear impression evidence with the use of FARO "Freestyle" 3D Scanner will be present and it will be based on the multi-view stereo. Footwear impression recovery in crime scene is considered to have a critical role in the

Imports and Exports Essay Example for Free

Imports and Exports Essay The importing and exporting of goods are flourishing despite the economic pitfalls splattered across the media. Let’s face it, if there is demand for a product this usually means there is a market. And where there is a market, there is sure to be a product waiting to rest in the hands of those who need it. There is a phrase for this recipe. Its called â€Å"Supply and Demand. † Supply and demand results in trade. A case worth examining is how effective trade is between the United States and foreign countries. The article entitled â€Å"US versus China Hidden Export Advantages and Trade Opportunities† is an examination of just how effective trade can be between two countries where supply and demand exists. The author uses the example of how there continues to be a high demand for soybeans in China. It has been reported that China consumes more soybeans than any other country. With soybeans being a chief product of the United States, this creates a competitive advantage of exporting this valuable commodity. Another fine example the article gives in regards effective imports and exports, is the fact that the Untied States has been very profitable in supplying waste and scrap metals to Chinese plants. These Chinese plants in turn, recycle the iron, steel, copper and aluminum into substantial new metals. Statistics show that this more than doubled the surplus of the United States in the year 2009. In summary, this article was very instrumental in supporting the success of imports and exports between international countries, despite economic complexities.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice - Prophecies in Oedipus, Antig

The Damning Prophecies in Oedipus, Antigone, and Agamemnon Oracles, seers, and prophets are used in Greek tragedy to provide foreshadowing for the audience and characters. The seers' wisdom is conveyed through the pronouncement of oracles or prophecies. They confer forecasts to principal characters that affect the characters' future. Although not always believed, and often endeavored to be foiled, seers, oracles, and prophets in Greek tragedies foretell events that greatly affect the lives of prominent characters. Cassandra in Aeschylus' Agamemnon, the Oracle at Delphi in Sophocles' Oedipus, and Teiresias in Sophocles' Antigone pronounce damning prophecies that, despite ignorance, evasion, or disregard, are inevitably fulfilled to the downfall and destruction of the characters. The seer Cassandra in The Agamemnon foretells the downfall and destruction of Agamemnon. Cassandra delivers several predictions of Agamemnon's impending death. "Agamemnon's dead is what you'll see."[p77] "The room- it reeks! Drips red with murder." p80 She also sees her murder that is unavoidable. "So, then I go / To sing the dirge of my own demise / And Agamemnon's too within the palace." p81 Cassandra's visions are heard by the chorus who are skeptical of her claims. Her visions are not believed by Agamemnon because of a curse set on her by the Greek god Apollo. Agamemnon is oblivious to her forecasts and believes he will live on and remain king. "So, overborne by you, I shall proceed / To tread the purple to my palace halls." Agamemnon infers that he will be able to safely return to power in his kingdom and is unaware of the treasonous plot calculated by his wife Clytemnestra and ... ...t suicide in anger at Kreon. Lives are lost and Kreon is disgraced as a king. In spite of his avoidance the prophecy is realized. Although not always believed, and often endeavored to be foiled, seers, oracles, and prophets in Greek tragedies foretell events that greatly affect the lives of prominent characters. Cassandra in Aeschylus' Agamemnon, the Oracle at Delphi in Sophocles' Oedipus, and Teiresias in Sophocles' Antigone pronounce damning prophecies that, despite ignorance, evasion, or disregard, are inevitably fulfilled to the downfall and destruction of the characters. Oracles, seers, and prophets from Greek tragedy correctly predict the destruction of important characters. Despite the characters' arrogance or avoidance, the prophecies are fulfilled. The characters' blatant contempt for prophecy contributes to the irony of their situations.

In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald relies heavily on the weather and the environment to emphasize events and people

People’s feelings and emotions are often changed or affected by the weather. There are also many stereotypes that go along with the weather. For example on rainy days people often feel sad or on very hot days people often have short tempers and can become angry easily. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald relies heavily on the weather and the environment to emphasize events and people. This is clearly seen during the days of Gatsby’s reunion with Daisy, Gatsby’s funeral, and the confrontation between Gatsby and Tom. One of the more important times that F. Scott Fitzgerald relies on the weather and the environment to emphasize events and people in The Great Gatsby is the day of Gatsby’s reunion with her. This day is very important to Gatsby as he has been counting the days since he last saw Daisy. Gatsby has asked Nick to invite daisy over to Nick’s place for tea so that Gatsby could come over and be reunited with her. â€Å"The day agreed upon was pouring rain† (Fitzgerald 81). While they wait For Daisy, Gatsby is uncharacteristically nervous. He is so nervous that he tells Nick that he is going to go home because he doesn’t think that Daisy will show up. The rain helps to emphasise the how nervous and worried Gatsby is. At first, when Daisy shows up, Gatsby is awkward and his fingers are even â€Å"trembling† (Fitzgerald 84) but after Nick leaves him alone for half an hour, he comes back to find Gatsby back to his confident self. When Nick walks back in the room he informs Gatsby, as well as the reader, that â€Å"it’s stopped raining† (Fitzgerald 86) and at this news Gatsby smiles â€Å"like an ecstatic patron of recurrent light† (Fitzgerald 86). The fact that it has stopped raining helps to emphasise that Gatsby has gained back his sureness and has his usual self confidence. Another time that is significant in The Great Gatsby where F. Scott Fitzgerald relies on the weather and the environment to emphasize events and people is on the day of Gatsby’s funeral. On the day of the funeral the rain creates a sad mood. When Nick goes to New York to see Meyer Wolfshiem and he says he can not attend the funeral we first learn that it is raining out. â€Å"When I left his office the sky turned dark and I got back to West egg in drizzle† (Fitzgerald 163). This sets the mood for a sad, gloomy day. Although during all of Gatsby’s very large and expansive parties he is surrounded by people, his funeral is quite the opposite with only Nick, Mr. Gatz, Owl-eyes and a few of Gatsby’s servants attending the funeral, â€Å"our procession of three cars reached the ceremony† (Fitzgerald 165). The weather stays this way all day and Gatsby’s funeral ends up being a very sad and miserable event. This is very unlike the funeral earlier in the book where people are celebrating the life of their friend and remembering all the good times they spent together as they pass Nick and Gatsby in â€Å"cheerful carriages† (Fitzgerald 67). F. Scott Fitzgerald again relies on the weather and the environment to emphasize events and people in The Great Gatsby on the day of the confrontation between Gatsby and Tom. When Tom, Nick Gatsby, Jordan and Daisy all go to New York they decide to get a suite at the Plaza Hotel. It is here on the hottest day of the summer that Tom and Gatsby have their big fight. The â€Å"broiling† (Fitzgerald 109) weather causes everyone’s tempers to be short and helps to establish the hateful, fierce mood of the confrontation. In the end, Tom wins the dispute and everyone, except Gatsby, can see that Daisy is going to stay with Tom. The next day, now that the reader understands that Daisy is going to remain with Tom, the weather cools down and it is chilly outside â€Å"The night had made a sharp difference in the weather and there was an autumn flavour in the air† (Fitzgerald 146). Just as Gatsby refuses to accept the fact that he can not go back in time and that Daisy really did and still does love Tom, in this instance he refuses to accept that it is no longer summer. When the gardener tells Gatsby that he wants to drain the pool to stop leaves from clogging the pipes, Gatsby tells him that he can not do this today and that Gatsby has not swam all year and plans to do so today. Gatsby believes that he can go back in time and make it warm, just like he believes ha can go back in time and make Daisy love him. In conclusion people’s emotions and feelings are often affected or can be changed by the weather. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald relies heavily on the weather and the environment to emphasize events and people. F. Scott Fitzgerald really uses this during the days of Gatsby’s reunion with Daisy, Gatsby’s funeral, and the confrontation between Gatsby and Tom. Like many great writers such as William Shakespeare, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses pathetic fallacy to help the reader to better understand what is happening, create suspense, and put emphasise on different incidents throughout the novel.

Economics Terms and Health Care History Essay

Introduction The healthcare economics have changed so much over the years. The changed was because of the evolutionary changes that happened in the United States which cause the dramatic change in the economics medical technology. One of the main reasons that moves all things are by health care economics is the money and the money help keeps an organization to established and be stable and it is the key to success. One way that the organization is using to help run the business is the cash flow system. It run the business and somehow help in making a decision in the future and also learning the healthcare economics. â€Å"Economics is the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services or the material welfare of human kind.† (Getzen & Moore, 2007). There are some factors that contributed to the evolution of healthcare and these are technology and medical advancement. If somebody understand the flow of funds and the health care economics started, it will be easier task of planning for the future. Like what I mentioned earlier it’s the money is the driving force at health care economics. In the past most people paid privately for health care. The funding began over the years that come more from the health care insurance. That way the individuals are only paying a portion of the cost of the health care insurance the private insurance will pay the rest. (Getzen & Moore, 2007) The United States technology change because of the supply and demand and new technology system are continuously upgrading and updating to help the  increasing population in United States. Before our time people who needs to be treated by a doctor will trade things that they own in exchange for the payment of the health service, they did not have any money or they couldn’t afford the cost of the health care services. There are times the doctors would trade treatment for some things such as cotton, livestock, grain and jewelry as the patient form of Economic Terms and Health Care History3 payment. These doctors were tradesmen, the patient was paying one hundred percent cost for health care services rendered. As the United Stated progress with the technology and other historical factors, such as The Great Depression, a new health care system was made to aid the American population in purchasing medical services. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Microeconomics is how the individuals and organizations make a decision on how to allocate the resources that are available so by allocating the resources they can meet their own or the consumer demands. Macroeconomics is the general population or the health care system as a whole, rather than the individual consumers or organizations. Both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics explained that the supply and demand of the population. Microeconomics concentrate on the product costs in any given market. Macroeconomics explain the price of the product that are sold. Macroeconomics are influenced by inflation, consumer consumption and employment rates. In Microeconomics, the individual that need medical are but do not have health care insurance may continue the treatment until it finish. The health care system that can assist this individual are through Medicaid or Medicare. However Microeconomics affects Macroeconomics. For the patient or the organization with the demands that are not met, the whole system becomes stained. Economic Terms and Health Care History4 Gross Domestic Product Gross Domestic Product are consists of total market value of all services  and goods that produced during the specific period of time. (Apollo Group, 2010). This comprises the services and goods that are produce with the market values over a year. The three ways gross market value determined are expenditures, product approach and income approach. Despite with all approaches the outcomes are identical. Elasticity and Inelasticity The consumers determined the elasticity same as the cost of the products by supply and demand. If the consumer agreed that the product is important or essential, then the cost of the product may be higher, most of the time consumer will continue to purchase the product out of necessity and still willing to play a higher price. So if the product or service is in such a great demand and consumer still willing to purchase regardless of its costs, then it is considered inelastic. Supply and Demand The Supply and Demand played an important role in the society. It has influenced the prices and the quantities of the product available. This is where microeconomics and macroeconomics get affected. If there are no demand of the products then the supply of the product gets affected. The supply of the product will be limited if there are no demands. If the demands is a lot, then the supply would be limited as well, it is because of how much the product is sold and the quantity of the supplier can sell the product. The consumer always consider the cost of the products, by this it determine the supply and demand of the product. Economic Terms and Health Care History5 Conclusion Economics is part of our health care industry, it can be used to predict the costs in the health care world by supply and demand, microeconomics and macroeconomics, service elasticity and inelasticity. Economics Terms and Health Care History6 References: Getzen and Allen 2007, Healthcare Economics http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/110.asp

Business Writing Advice

Business Writing Advice Business Writing Advice

A Biography of Indian Yellow Essay Example for Free

A Biography of Indian Yellow Essay ? Indian Yellow is a raw pigment which, as the name suggests, originated in India in the 17th century and was used until the early 20th century. Its source remained a mystery for many years. In 1786 the amateur painter, Roger Dewhurst recorded in letters to friends, that Indian yellow was an organic substance made from the urine of animals fed on turmeric (Myers, pg 1). Around this time, the English chemist George Field claimed it was made from camel urine. In 1839, J.F.L. Merimee, denied its association with urine in spite of its odor, citing its origin was a shrub called ‘memecylon tinctorium’ in his book ‘The Art of Painting in Oil and Fresco’, In 1886 the Journal of the Society of Arts in London began a systematic inquiry of the pigment, revealing that Indian yellow was manufactured in rural India (in particular in Monghyr, a city in Bengal) from the urine of cattle fed only on mango leaves and water (Finlay, pg 216-217). The collected urine was heated in order to precipitate the yellow matter, then strained, pressed into lumps by hand and dried, producing foul-smelling hard yellow balls of raw pigment, called ‘purree’ (Mukharji, pg 16-17). European importers would then wash and purify the balls, separating greenish and yellow phases. It is the mango not the urine that’s crucial to the color. The colorant is a magnesium salt of an organic acid released by the mango. Chemically it is magnesium euxanthate, the magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Naturally, the cows that were exploited by this process were extremely undernourished. In part because mango leaves did not supply the cattle with sufficient nutrients along with the fact that these leaves contain the toxin urushiol, also found in poison ivy. In 1908, British law (which applied to colonized India) prohibited the production of Indian yellow, citing the torture of sacred animals. The pigment is believed to have first been used in Europe by Dutch artists in the 17th century (the Dutch having extensive trading links with India by then) and by the end of the 18th century across Europe in watercolor and oil painting. For the first years of its introduction in the European market, this pigment was simply named after its country of origin, ‘Purà ©e of India’(Finlay, pg 209-211). This was further simplified to ‘jaune indien’ (French), ‘giallo indiano’ (Italian), ‘Indischgelb’ (German) or ‘Indian Yellow’ when tr anslated into other languages (Myers, pg 1). Deep, clear and luminescent, it was favored for its great body and depth of tone. It had a peculiar characteristic in its watercolor form of fading in artificial light and in the dark but being fairly stable in direct sunlight. In its oil form, it requires one hundred percent for grinding, dries slowly, and the addition of varnish improves its drying, in fact its lightfastness is also improved when it is isolated between layers of varnish. Dutch and Flemish painters of the 17th and 18th centuries favored it for its translucent qualities often using it to represent sunlight. Beautiful as the color is, the pigment was said to be foul-smelling in its raw form. In the novel ‘Girl With the Pearl Earring’ Vermeer’s patron remarks that Vermeer used â€Å"cow piss† to paint his wife, the pigment referred to was Indian Yellow. By the early twentieth century the pigment was no longer available, although its modern substitutes are still sold under the name â€Å"Indian yellow†. 1. Baer, N.S., â€Å"Indian Yellow† in â€Å"Artists’ Pigments, a Handbook of Their History and Characteristics†, Volume 1, R.L. Feller, Editor, Oxford University Press, New York (1986) 2. Finlay, Victoria, â€Å"Color: A NAtural History of the Palette† (2003 edition), Random House 3. Merimee, M.J.F.L., â€Å"The Art of Painting in Oil and Fresco† (2009 edition), Kessinger Publishing 4. Mukharji, T.N., â€Å"Piuri or Indian Yellow†, Journal of the Society of Arts (1883-84) 5. Myers, David, â€Å"Indian Yellow†, The Art Blog of David Myers (February 1, 2011) http://toxicgraphix.blogspot.com/2011/02/indian-yellow.html 6. â€Å"Indian Yellow†, Pigments Through the Ages, webexhibits.org http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/history/indianyellow.html A Biography of Indian Yellow. (2016, Nov 27).

Ethical Issues in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ethical Issues in Education - Essay Example The purpose of decision making is to direct human behavior towards a future goal. In school environment, group decision making involves co-acting members with specialized knowledge, interacting to arrive at some valued decisions or outcomes. Ethical and moral decision-making in schools are important because it determines the main trends and approaches to education including staff relations and teacher-student interaction. Educational leadership in schools is interpreted in simple terms, such as getting others to follow or getting people to do things willingly, or interpreted more specifically, for example as the use of authority in decision making. It may be exercised as an attribute of position, or because of personal knowledge or wisdom. Although, modern views on leadership underline the importance of personal traits of educational leaders and his/her ability to lead and direct teaching staff and students. The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the main issues and problems faced by school principals, and their impact on education process and moral development of students. In schools, ethical decision-making is purely a matter of subjective choice or preference, or a matter relegated to religious beliefs and dogma is also misguided. Ethics can be and has been the subject of public debate and public consensus. Ethical decision-making is gained from reflecting on the ways the community solved the practical problems of living together in a self-governing community. Following Beck (1994) in one sense, ethical knowledge does not issue in absolutes, for the community never came up with the one best way to respond in all situations. In schools, ethical and moral decision-making of a principle is crucial because he/she demonstrates how to be an ethical person by living in the community and learning the normal ways the community conducted its affairs and relationships. As long as educators have been able to draw on the conception of science as the authority about the world, they have been able to legitimize a claim to always "know what is best" for their stude nts. Acknowledging that the voice of the student carries its own distinctive authority means challenging the accepted distribution of power and authority within school. If questions of the nature of knowledge cannot be untangled from those of ethics, neither can they be untangled from questions of education politics (Aiken et al 1995). Accordingly, ethics needs to focus on the practical decision-making context. It must certainly be multidisciplinary: sociological, philosophical, psychological, and educational. More importantly, it needs to return to the real roots of education itself and to immerse itself in its own proper theoretical objects. The accumulation of these ethical decisions, together with the technical decisions with which they are intimately linked, contributes importantly to the final outcome of any particular encounter (Ashbaugh & Kasten 1995). Allowing for the context in which the original approach to the school principle is made educational outcomes depend more on the ethical decisions than on any other factors, including the decisions that may, in relevant circumstances, eventually emerge regarding the more familiar life and education issues. In school, the principle is a leader

Chapter 3 of Bhagavad Gita and Purusha Sukta Essay

Chapter 3 of Bhagavad Gita and Purusha Sukta - Essay Example â€Å"The Way of Action† shows the state of mind of Arjuna in dealing with the dilemma of choosing between accomplishing his duties as a warrior to fight his own people and his love for his relatives. He seeks the answer to his problems with Lord Krishna, questioning Him why one should engage himself in an action which will cause so much chaos to human lives. In the end, Lord Krishna let Arjuna understand about the duties of each individual to his own self, to his family and to the society (Schweig 57-58). An individual cannot achieve freedom from action without entering upon action. He cannot reach perfection as well by just renouncing a certain action. Everyone is driven to action instinctively and so he must perform his duties for action is better to inaction. These various levels of duties of man comprise the essence of Karma Yoga. Karma, or action, aims that a person should â€Å"attain a stage where any action is not bound by desire for results† (Varma). With this , one must not control the indrivas by will; instead remain unattached to the results in order to perform selfless action. By doing work without attachment, a man attains supreme bliss. For example, the Karma followed by the head of the household in different levels of society is that he is a husband to his wife, a father to his children, and also a boss to many employees working with him, all at the same time (Varma). Yagya or sacrifice is another theme of the third chapter of â€Å"Bhagavad Gita†. Lord Krishna teachers Arjuna that mankind will prosper only when he learns how to give. Man is bound by the actions that he performs unless he does them as a sacrifice (Schweig 59-60). For instance, Lord Krishna by virtue of his holiness has no duty to perform but he chooses to work so that man can achieve a level of spirituality by following his examples. In one of the verses, Arjuna asks Lord Krishna how man commits sin, to which Lord Krishna answers that it is because of desire , for desire lives in the senses, mind and intellect. For a man to attain knowledge, he must control his senses with his mind through his intellect so that desire can be overcome and therefore attain knowledge. Thus, a worldly-minded man is self-centered while a man enlightened with Karma Yogi has overcome self-centeredness and strives to work for the benefit of all (Varma). The essence of the teachings of Lord Krishna and his universal form as exemplified in â€Å"Bhagavad Gita† closely resembles to that of the Purusha Sukta. Like Bhrama in the Upanishads, Lord Krishna was identified in Gita with eternity so that his intransience can be attributed in his divine role as the regulator of human society. According to Bandyopadhyaya (91), â€Å"the ideological objective was the same as that of the Purusha Sukta and Advaita philosophy, namely to rationalize, legitimize and sanctify the prevailing class-caste in the face of the developing contradictions within that structure.† Lansdowne (15) defines Purusha Sukta as â€Å"

RESPOND TO CLASSMATES RESPONSES ON BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN JAPAN Coursework

RESPOND TO CLASSMATES RESPONSES ON BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN JAPAN - Coursework Example You so well outline that the Japanese are a high power distance society where pessimism seems to have no room amidst the harmony that they so much value. Japanese mixing business with social or rather personal life can greatly overwhelm foreigners who might find it to be disgusting merely due little acquaintance with the Japanese’s way of life. To avert complications common in cross-cultural negotiations, Americans must comprehend Japanese non-verbal cues, as this will also ease the negotiation process. However, rather than relying on translators, it is most appropriate that one masters fundamental aspects of the Japanese language prior to attending a meeting in Japan. Your response portrays a good amount of research. Your introduction of deductive and inductive reasoning propels the discussion and instigates further exploration of the world of communication and psychology. The Japanese build trusts and harmonious relationships in every activity that they participate in. While asking questions about a culture is effective in understanding other people’s culture, it is important to appropriately contemplate the questions that can be asked to avoid offending the Japanese whose are proud of and gratified with their unique culture. Researching about Japanese culture prior to the meeting is also quite vivacious but the research should focus on points or sections that can be necessary during the business negotiation. Japanese customers want to feel treasured under every circumstance. As you rightly point out, saving face and showing respect to hierarchy are important in international trading especially in Japan. Multi-cultural diversity requires that business personnel are familiar with their partners’ culture. Embarking on a programme of language training will not be a waste of resources since the output will eventually overshadow the input. The company will appear to

Carbon Fibre Composite

Carbon Fibre Composite Strength of Laminated Fibrous Composites Lab Summary This report compares the results of theoretical calculations undertaken to predict the tensile strength of carbon fibre reinforced composites against experimental results. Two main methods for the calculation of tensile strength are used; the rule of mixtures and the ten percent rule. These standard theories appear to be valid for the majority of cases although inconsistencies are observed for the 90Â °, transversely loaded, isostress condition. Aims To become familiar with composite materials, their structure and quality To understand how carbon fibre reinforced polymer, CFRP, materials are tensile tested Objectives To examine samples of composites and their precursors Examine typical microstructure Tensile test different samples of CFRP composites Introduction This work looks at the tensile strength of different structural make-ups of carbon fibre reinforced polymers. Carbon fibres have greatest strength when they are loaded in the isostrain (0Â °) condition as illustrated in Figure 4.1. In the isostrain condition, the majority of the applied load is transferred to the long fibre strands whereas in the isostress condition, the load is acting perpendicular to the fibre length and yields a far lower maximum strength. When there are multiple layers of fibres in the composite, orientated in different directions, otherwise known as a mixed ply lay-up, the maximum tensile strength varies with respect to the fibre angle. Figure 4.1 Composite Loading Four different composite lay-up structures are looked at in this report. Each lay-up consists of a total of 16 layers which are symmetrical about the neutral axis. The layups of the composites are: Where subscripts: 2, 4, 8 = multiple of layers noted in the brackets S= refers to symmetry about the neutral axis A [ 0Â ° ]8S B [ 90Â ° ]8S C [ +45Â °,-45Â ° ]4S D [0Â °/+45Â °/-45Â °/90Â °]2S The test specimens consist of a section of CFRP with metal plates attached with epoxy resin at either end as shown later on in Figure 5.1. These metal plates are purely for clamping of the CFFP section into the in the tensile testing rig as shown in Figure 5.2. Experimental Method The dimensions of the test specimens are noted for each piece prior to any testing and will be used for fair comparison in the theoretical calculation methods. Dimensions for each specimen, A-D are shown below where x and y relate to the dimensions shown in Figure 5.1.

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Child Abuse "Trust unto Jehovah with all thy heart, And unto thine own understanding lean not. In all thy ways know thou Him, And He doth make straight thy paths." (Proverbs 3:5,6, YLTHB) The statistics on physical child abuse are alarming. Of the estimated hundreds of thousands of children battered each year by a parent or close relative, thousands die. For those who survive, the emotional trauma remains long after the external bruises have healed. Communities and the courts recognize that these emotional "hidden bruises" can be treated. Children who have been abused may display a poor self-image, Inability to depend on, trust or love others, Aggressive and disruptive—sometimes illegal— behavior; Passive and withdrawn behavior; fear of entering into new relationships or activities, School failure, Serious drug and alcohol abuse. The child and adolescent psychiatrist is able to treat the "whole child"—medical as well as psychological or emotional problems that have occurred as a result of the abuse. The family can be helped to learn new ways of support and communicating with one another. Through treatment, the abused child begins to regain a sense of self-confidence and trust. Child abuse is a matter of degree: the degree to which a parent uses inap-propriate or excessive control strategies with a child and/or fails to provide standards of care giving. In fact, abusive parents often do not know they are abusive. Our culture has, for generations, used corporal punishment as a means of controlling child behavior. Some parents think society places no restraint on such techniques. Many may recall the old saying, "spare the rod and spoil the child." It is not always clear what the limits are in efforts to get a child to behave. The best way to stop the child abuse and stop the abusive parents from abusing their children is by forming a non-profit organization working in cooperation with U.S. Dept. of Welfare , a resource for children and families to report a child abuse and to search for the abusive parents and put a penalty on them. These type of organizations have worked considerably good in the other fields and I am sure that this solu-tion will work out fairly well. In this Article " The goal of NCMEC," The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children states that "The goals of the NCMEC: A private, non-profit organization working in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Justice, NCMEC is a vital resource for families and America's 17,000 law enforcement agencies in the search for missing children and the quest for child protection." In 1986, six youth and adult survivors of child abuse and neglect formed what

Love and Friends

When he cares for someone, he shows it and oneself, h?s not a shy type of person and maybe just a little bit lazy think. He looks like a vampire because he hates going out in the morning because as what I've said, he's too conscious with his skin's color. He hates cheese but he likes chocolate a lot. He looks so cute when his sleeping he looks like a little child. Unlike the other boys, he's not fun of playing basketball and other ball games think. This someone is not just like an ordinary someone for me.Someone will remain someone, no name will be mention. Not all someone means unknown. Persuasive essay: Have Many Friends gut Are They All Real All of us have a friend, that's normal. But do you think if you have many friends, all of them are true friends? No, no, no. You what more friends, for what? Having many friends is not the basis Of having a real one. Friends are those person whose there during the time that you really need someone to talk to and someone to be with, not that pe rson who are just there when they need something from you. , you, us, we don't need many friends when in fact, all of them are just fake and can bring us in trouble. Just look for the person who you think really deserves to be your friend. The person who you think it is and the person can really trust. Being friendly is actually nice. But actually you don't need all of them. At least having some people in your life is enough. Don't ask for more, just be contented with the friends you have because you just don't know they are the real one. Not all the time that the merrier is better.Narrative Essay: The Family Have The people who will always be there for you, who will acceptor whatever and whoever you are. Who will think of things for your own good and make you safe, not the things that can harm you. The best gift you receive from God, the only one who will be there when you feel nothing. Family, the one hose there during the hard, sad and happy times in our life. Where we first lear n how to love, how to care, and treasure important things we have, and where we first experience the feeling of being love.Like other people, I have my own family which is composed of my mother, sister and of course me. You've noticed there's no father right? Yeah, all of us have father but not all of us experience of being love of a father and I'm one of that. Yes, I have father but never feel his presence even hi so I conclude 3 members of a family Is enough. I already feel contented even without a father. My mother raises me and my sister alone. I saw how my mother did her best just to provide our needs, just to make us live. Appreciate everything that my mother did.She's the best mom lye ever wish for, just like my sister. My sister is just like me, a disobedient but a loving child. Maybe that why we're really close. But despite of that she is a very good sister and she's the best. She cares for me that much. I can say it's really nice to be the youngest daughter and sister. I'm very honor to have them as my family. To have my mother as my teacher as the same time my adviser and my sister as my best friend. Having a family like them, you won't wish for anything else. I just wish, May God blessed me and my family and guide us.Expository Essay: Influence High school graduating students will soon be studying in college. Do you know that almost 50% to 70% of the graduates will choose their course with the influence of their friends than their family? Graduating students will choose their course for their college. But observations say that friends give greatest influence to students on what they will choose. Parents have less influence to their children because they want their children to choose on their own. Influence can either be good or bad. It depends upon the people who will believe.

Jane Eyre Chapter 2

The Chapter 2 Grade saver Jane Eyre is someone who desires to be set free. She is something like a rock who wants to feel the pleasure of being set free able to do what she likes but no all dreams come to and end because of her wicked cruel aunt who’s name is Mrs. Reed, Mrs. reed has 3 children named Georgiana, john and †¦.. She is hated by her fellow maids, Bessie, abbot and others who are not yet named. Analysis: From the very beginning of the book, Bronte uses careful novelistic craftsmanship to position the reader on Jane's side.Not only does the narration occur in Jane’s voice, a fact which automatically makes her a more sympathetic character, but Bronte incorporates all of the tragic facts of Jane’s childhood in the first few pages. From the start, Jane is oppressed; she is sent off while her cousins play. We learn through exposition from John that she is a penniless orphan, dependent on the heartless Reed family but never on an equal level with her re latives; indeed, social class will play an important role in the rest of the novel.Although we do not have a clear sense of the extent of Mrs. Reed’s resentful feelings toward Jane, Bronte emphasizes Jane’s loneliness and lack of familial affection. Bronte also emphasizes Jane’s sensitive nature and inner strength. She is given to flights of fancy while reading, but she also displays a great deal of courage and sense of justice in her defense against John. This is only the first time that Jane will be imprisoned in the novel, though her later imprisonments will generally be more metaphorical, particularly in relation to class, gender, and religion.In this case, John is the root cause of Jane's imprisonment and his word is taken above hers, a fact that parallels the gender relations of the male dominated Victorian society. Ironically, however, the three aggressors that maintain Jane’s imprisonment in the red-room are females, and Jane’s one savior, it appears, was her uncle. The chapter also introduces some of the Gothic literary tradition that inform much of the narrative structure of the text. The Gothic novel, popularized in the 18th-century, utilizes supernatural, suspenseful, and mysterious settings and events to create an atmosphere of horror and morbidity